Location and Historical Significance

Ajina-Teppa, also known as «Devil’s Hill» or «Hill of Evil Spirits,» is an ancient Buddhist monastery located approximately 12 kilometers east of Bokhtar (formerly Kurgan-Tube) in southern Tajikistan. The site was first examined by archaeologists in 1959, and subsequent excavations from 1961 to 1975 uncovered a wealth of artifacts, including sculptures, wall paintings, and architectural remains. These findings revealed a well-preserved 7th–8th-century Buddhist monastic complex, offering valuable insights into the spread of Buddhism in Central Asia.​

Architectural Layout

The monastery complex at Ajina-Teppa was designed with two main sections: the temple and the monastic quarters. Each section featured a central courtyard surrounded by walls and rooms. The temple area housed a large stupa—a structure used to store relics—and smaller stupas at the corners. The monastic section contained living cells and communal spaces for the monks. The walls and ceilings of the complex were adorned with vibrant murals depicting various Buddhist motifs and figures.​

The Reclining Buddha

One of the most significant discoveries at Ajina-Teppa was a monumental clay statue of the Buddha in Nirvana, measuring approximately 13 meters in length. The statue depicted the Buddha reclining on his right side, symbolizing his entry into Nirvana. Although the upper part of the statue was damaged, the lower portion and head were well-preserved. Restoration efforts began in 1966 and continued intermittently until 2001. The completed statue is now displayed at the National Museum of Antiquities of Tajikistan in Dushanbe, making it the largest known clay Buddha statue in Central Asia.

Cultural Significance

Ajina-Teppa stands as a testament to the rich cultural and religious history of the Vakhsh Valley. The site’s blend of Indian Buddhist artistic traditions with local Tokharistan influences reflects the region’s role as a crossroads of cultures along the ancient Silk Road. The discovery of Ajina-Teppa has provided scholars with valuable information about the spread of Buddhism in Central Asia and the architectural and artistic practices of the time.​

UNESCO Recognition

In 1999, Ajina-Teppa was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List, recognizing its outstanding universal value as a cultural heritage site. Ongoing preservation and research efforts continue to shed light on the site’s historical significance and ensure its protection for future generations.​

Today, Ajina-Teppa remains a significant archaeological and cultural landmark in Tajikistan, attracting scholars and visitors interested in the region’s rich Buddhist heritage.